The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed several shortcomings in the U.S. health care system:
- The illusion of reliable employer-based health insurance is crumbling.
- Our safety nets have wide geographic variations.
- High-deductible insurance plans result in delayed care for people with chronic conditions.
- Underlying racial and geographic disparities in care are worsening.
- Our current system fails on the three pillars of an adequate healthcare system – cost, access, and quality.
Medicare is better than private insurance
The U.S. spends far more on health care than any other nation, but our life expectancy has fallen behind. We must use the lessons of this crisis to better prepare for the next one and address the shortcomings in our health care system. We would have been better able to manage acute and chronic health problems during the pandemic if the country had already adopted Improved Medicare for All.
Under traditional Medicare, patients can choose from a network that includes the vast majority of U.S. primary care physicians. Once adults are eligible for coverage, their age-specific mortality increases from the worst among 17 peer nations to one of the best. The multi-year gap in life expectancy between Black and white patients who require dialysis disappears when Medicare covers both groups. Medicare also does a much better job of controlling costs than private health insurance: During the past decade, Medicare’s cumulative increase in per-enrollee spending was 21.5%, far less than the 52.6% average increase among private insurers.
However, Medicare is not perfect. The reimbursement model for physicians is bewilderingly complex; high levels of patient cost-sharing can bankrupt older adults; and the benefit design has significant gaps (dentistry, pharmacy, optometry, and audiology, among others).
Fix the flaws
The Improved Medicare for All approach addresses each of these problems through a simple concept: fix the flaws in the current program, then provide it to all Americans. Improved Medicare for All would provide universal access to all medically necessary care. It would obviate the need to develop emergent funding strategies to cover screening, treatment, and prevention of a single viral infection, such as COVID-19, in uninsured and underinsured patients.
We can afford this plan through administrative savings. Medicare operates with less than 2% overhead, whereas private health insurers often operate with more than 12%. The complexity of billing multiple payers adds tens of thousands of dollars to medical office overhead, and it diverts time from patient care to administrative tasks. Hundreds of economists declared that the U.S. would come out ahead economically under Improved Medicare for All.
Compared with our peers in nine other countries, U.S. primary care physicians are far less satisfied with medical practice. A key driver of dissatisfaction is the moral indignity of knowing how to help a patient but facing insurmountable economic barriers. It breaks our hearts when a patient tells us, “I’ll pray and wait until I turn 65 and have Medicare.” Medical bankruptcy would be scandalous in any comparable nation.
Simplify administrative burdens
Improved Medicare for All could help resolve the issue of excessive documentation. Electronic health records are one example of the unique administrative burdens of medical practice in the U.S. Adopting a single-payer system would mitigate two drivers of excessive documentation: complex requirements for maximal reimbursement and legal risk protection. If reimbursement requirements were more akin to global norms, physicians could document based on clinical — not economic — needs. If coverage of future medical care were guaranteed by law, patients would have fewer reasons to sue physicians.
Simplifying administrative burdens would allow more time for patient care. A 2016 study found that physicians spend as little as 26% of their time with patients. In contrast, family physicians in Canada spend 79% of their time on patient care, which could be why more of them report being satisfied with their practices.
In 2018, John Cullen, M.D., then-president of the American Academy of Family Physicians, described U.S. medical practice as “an incredible bureaucratic mess to get anything done for patients.” At the same time, Trina Larsen Soles, M.D., then-president of Doctors of British Columbia, said of the Canadian system, “It’s not a big hassle. I can focus on patient issues, not administrative issues.”
Although the political obstacles are formidable, we, as Democrats, need to urge our elected representatives to carry out our state party platform and sign on to the Medicare for All bill. This year, the bill will be introduced by Pramila Jayapal in the House and Bernie Sanders in the Senate. Then we need to urge President Biden to abandon his futile attempt to improve the ACA and endorse Medicare for All.
I absolutely agree with Liza. That’s another message we need to get across to our legislators. Right now, private insurance companies are reimbursed at a higher rate for Medicare Advantage plans than traditional Medicare. That has to stop.
Great article.
Medicare as it currently exists is definitely not the right model for Medicare for All.
Medicare Advantage has enabled private insurance companies to gain an increasingly stronger foothold in the program and this isn’t a good direction for the program. It’s the Medicare Advantage plans that are offering additional benefits such as dental and vision that were left out of original Medicare. But they also have require referrals and have networks which can significantly impact your healthcare choices.
If you want freedom of choice you have to stay with original Medicare and sign up for Parts A, B, and D and buy a Medicare Supplement policy (assuming you can afford one) from a private insurance company.
Medicare Part D, the prescription drug part of Medicare, is an abomination.
Medicare Parts A and B might provide some kind of baseline for a universal program but Medicare Advantage and the prescription drug program need to be scrapped.
Any program that mimics Medicare Advantage should not be considered and the whole idea of a supplement needs to go as well. Medicare for All is never going to become a reality until the private insurance companies are gone.
We need to provide universal access, freedom of choice, and a single payer.
Terrific comments, Dr. Shapiro. Absolutely correct. All we need is politicians to have the intent of putting the people’s health as a higher priority than healthcare and insurance company profit!